Retinal Conditions in Pets
The retina is a vital layer of the eye responsible for detecting light and transmitting visual information to the brain. When retinal diseases occur, they can lead to vision loss, making early evaluation and intervention crucial. Our team uses advanced diagnostics, including indirect ophthalmoscopy, ocular ultrasound, electroretinography (ERG), and chromatic pupillometry, to assess retinal health and structure. We then create individualized treatment plans to protect your pet’s vision and overall eye health.
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Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a genetic retinal disease where retinal cells degenerate and lose function over time. This condition is most commonly inherited and affects both dogs and cats (though more common in dogs), eventually leading to blindness. The rate of progression varies by breed and patient.
Although there is currently no cure for PRA, an accurate diagnosis is essential for:
- Helping a pet adjust to vision loss and helping to ensure a safe environment for visually impaired patients
- Screening for secondary complications such as cataracts or inflammation
Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the back of the eye, disrupting its ability to process visual input and send the signal to the brain. This condition often causes sudden and severe vision loss and can be triggered by:
- Trauma
- Inflammation
- Infections
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Tumors
- Congenital abnormalities
At VEC NYC, our veterinary ophthalmology team can quickly assess the extent of detachment, determine the underlying cause, and guide the most appropriate course of treatment for each patient. Prompt treatment can make the difference between partial recovery and permanent blindness and in some cases may help diagnose more serious systemic diseases.
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Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS)
SARDS is a condition in which dogs lose their vision quickly. The cause is still under investigation, but it results in a widespread, irreversible loss of retinal function.
Symptoms often include:
- Sudden blindness
- Dilated, non-responsive pupils
- Changes in behavior such as confusion or anxiety in new environments
We use a thorough ophthalmic examination paired with electroretinography (ERG, a retinal function test) to confirm the diagnosis and distinguish SARDS from other causes of acute blindness, such as optic neuritis or retinal detachment. There is no treatment for SARDS and the vision loss is permanent. However, we can help pets and owners adjust to vision loss via lifestyle adjustments.
Retinitis in Pets
Retinitis refers to inflammation of the retina, most commonly caused by:
- Bacterial or viral infections
- Autoimmune disease
- Fungal or parasitic infections
- Systemic illnesses
This condition can cause discomfort, visual disturbances, or permanent damage if left untreated. At the Veterinary Eye Center, we focus on the following to minimize damage and preserve as much visual function as possible:
- Identifying the underlying cause through targeted diagnostics
- Treating the underlying cause and inflammation with appropriate medications
- Monitoring for complications such as retinal scarring or detachment
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Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina caused by high blood pressure, a condition more common in senior cats and dogs with kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, or endocrine disorders.
It can result in:
- Retinal bleeding
- Retinal inflammation or fluid buildup (edema)
- Retinal detachment
- Gradual or sudden vision loss, which may be partial or complete
This condition is diagnosed with a thorough ophthalmic examination paired with blood pressure measurement. The condition is treated by lowering the patient’s blood pressure and treating any underlying conditions contributing to the high blood pressure. Our team works with a patient’s primary care veterinarian or veterinary internist to help manage both the eyes and the patient’s systemic health issues. With proper treatment, some patients can experience improvement in their vision. Controlling the blood pressure is also essential to prevent further damage and for the patient’s overall health.